Effect of the Specific Carbohydrate Diet on Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study
SCD
Our data confirms that the Specific Carbohydrate Diet is an effective long-term treatment for IBD that can result in improvement of symptoms, mucosal healing, and discontinuation of biologic and immunosuppressive medications.
American Journal of Gastroenterology: October 2017 - Volume 112 - Issue - p S1479
Authors: Chutkan R et al
Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Therapy in Paediatric Crohn's Disease Results in Long-term Avoidance of Corticosteroids: Results of a Propensity-score Matched Cohort Analysis
EEN
These findings suggest that EEN induction therapy is more effective in achieving early remission and is associated with long-term steroid avoidance without increased use of biologics or need for surgery.
J Crohns Colitis , 11 (9), 1063-1070 2017 Sep 1
Authors: Connors J et al
Lack of Mucosal Healing From Modified Specific Carbohydrate Diet in Pediatric Patients With Crohn Disease
mSCD
All subjects reported no active symptoms before repeat endoscopic evaluation on mSCD, the majority had consistently normal C-reactive protein, albumin and hematocrit assessments, and mildly elevated fecal calprotectin (>50 μg/g, median 201, range 65-312) at any point within 3 months before the repeat endoscopy. One patient showed complete ileocolonic healing but persistent upper gastrointestinal tract ulceration. Complete macroscopic mucosal healing of both the ileocolon and upper gastrointestinal tract was not seen in any patient.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017 Sep;65(3):289-292. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001619.
Authors: Wahbeh GT et al
Efficacy of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Complicated Crohn's Disease
EEN
EEN is effective in inducing early clinical remission, mucosal healing, promoting fistula closure and reducing the size of abscess in adult CD patients with complications.
Scand J Gastroenterol , 52 (9), 995-1001 Sep 2017
Authors: Yang Q et al
Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Provides an Effective Bridge to Safer Interval Elective Surgery for Adults With Crohn's Disease
EEN
Exclusive enteral nutrition frequently down-stages the need for surgery in patients presenting with stricturing or penetrating complications of Crohn's disease; it is associated with a reduction in systemic inflammation, operative times and the incidence of post-operative abscess or anastomotic leak.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther , 45 (5), 660-669 Mar 2017
Authors: Heerasing N et al
Patients Perceive Clinical Benefit with the Specific Carbohydrate Diet for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
SCD
Individuals perceived clinical improvement on the SCD. Four percent reported clinical remission prior to the SCD, while 33 % reported remission at 2 months after initiation of the SCD, and 42 % at both 6 and 12 months. For those reporting clinical remission, 13 % reported time to achieve remission of less than 2 weeks, 17 % reported 2 weeks to a month, 36 % reported 1-3 months, and 34 % reported greater than 3 months. For individuals who reported reaching remission, 47 % of individuals reported associated improvement in abnormal laboratory values.
Dig Dis Sci. 2016 Nov;61(11):3255-3260. Epub 2016 Sep 16
Authors: Suskind DL et al
Specific Carbohydrate Diet for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Clinical Practice within an Academic IBD Center
SCD
This retrospective review provides evidence that the SCD can be integrated into a tertiary care center and may improve clinical and laboratory parameters for pediatric patients with nonstructuring, nonpenetrating CD as well as UC. Further prospective studies are needed to fully assess the safety and efficacy of the SCD in pediatric patients with IBD.
Nutrition. 2016 Apr;32(4):418-25. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.08.025. Epub 2015 Nov 30.
Authors: Obih C et al
Response to Strict and Liberalized Specific Carbohydrate Diet in Pediatric Crohn's Disease
SCD
Disease control may be attainable with the SCD in pediatric CD. Further studies are needed to assess adherence, impact on mucosal healing and growth.
World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Feb 14;22(6):2111-7. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i6.2111.
Authors: Burgis JC et al
Resolution of Severe Ulcerative Colitis with the Specific Carbohydrate Diet
SCD
Successful use of the SCD in children with UC has been documented. We describe previously unreported, highly beneficial results with both symptomatic and clinical improvement and complete remission of UC in an adult female with the SCD.
Case Rep Gastroenterol. 2015 Aug 7;9(2):291-5. doi: 10.1159/000438745. eCollection 2015 May-Aug
Authors: Khandalavala BN and Nirmalraj MC
The Specific Carbohydrate Diet for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case Series
SCD
Our survey results suggest that SCD can potentially be an effective tool in the management of some patients with IBD and specifically in patients with colonic and ileocolonic CD who made up the majority of our study group. A highly educated group of patients follow the SCD; all but one of the adults in our study had a college or graduate degree. Our results also suggest that in some patients with moderate to severe disease who follow this diet, discontinuation of immunosuppressive agents has been feasible.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015 Aug;115(8):1226-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.04.016
Authors: Kakodkar S et al
Comparative Effectiveness of Nutritional and Biological Therapy in North American Children with Active Crohn's Disease
PEN
Although PEN improved clinical symptoms, EEN and anti-TNF were more effective for decreasing mucosal inflammation and improving specific aspects of QOL.
Inflamm Bowel Dis . 2015 Aug;21(8):1786-93. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000426.
Authors: Lee D et al
Efficacy of Concomitant Elemental Diet Therapy in Scheduled Infliximab Therapy in Patients With Crohn's Disease to Prevent Loss of Response
EEN
Concomitant ED therapy is effective in maintaining scheduled IFX maintenance therapy in patients with luminal CD in order to prevent LOR.
Dig Dis Sci , 60 (5), 1382-8 May 2015
Authors: Kamata N et al
Summary Excerpt: CDED plus PEN was better tolerated than EEN in children with mild to moderate CD. Both diets were effective in inducing remission by week 6. The combination CDED plus PEN induced sustained remission in a significantly higher proportion of patients than EEN, and produced changes in the fecal microbiome associated with remission. These data support use of CDED plus PEN to induce remission in children with CD.
