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Perioperative Dietary Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Perioperative dietary therapy improves the outcomes of IBD patients who undergo a surgical procedure. This topical review shares interdisciplinary expertise and provides guidance to optimise the outcomes of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. taking advantage of contemporary nutrition science.

J Crohns Colitis . 2020 May 21;14(4):431-444. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz160.

Authors: Adamina M et al

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A Diet Low in Red and Processed Meat Does Not Reduce Rate of Crohn's Disease Flares

In an analysis of data from the FACES trial, we found that among patients with CD in remission, level of red and processed meat consumption was not associated with time to symptomatic relapse.

Gastroenterology . 2019 Jul;157(1):128-136.e5. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.015. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Authors: Albenberg L et al

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Food and the Gut Microbiota in IBD: A Critical Connection

Recent studies have demonstrated an association between the diet and the human microbiome. Because the development of a 'dysbiotic' microbiota is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, diet is being investigated as an important etiologic factor.

Curr Opin Gastroenterol , 28 (4), 314-20 Jul 2012

Authors: Albenberg LG et al

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Diet, Gut Microbiome and Epigenetics: Emerging Links With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Prospects for Management and Prevention

Other nutritional interventions or specific diets including the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD), the low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyol (FODMAP) diet and, most recently, the Mediterranean diet have shown strong anti-inflammatory properties and show promise for improving disease symptoms. More work is required to evaluate the role of individual food compounds and complex nutritional interventions with the potential to decrease inflammation as a means of prevention and management of IBD.

Nutrients , 9 (9) 2017 Aug 30

Authors: Aleksandrova K et al

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Unfermented β-fructan Fibers Fuel Inflammation in Select Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients

Inflammatory bowel diseases are overall beneficially impacted by dietary fibers that are fermented by colonic microbes. Unfermented dietary β-fructan fibers induced proinflammatory cytokines in a subset of inflammatory bowel disease patient samples, via activation of the NLRP3 and TLR2 pathways; inflammation was reduced via fermentation by microbes.

Gastroenterology, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2022.09.034

Authors: Armstrong H. et al.

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Long-term Dietary Patterns are Associated with Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Features of the Gut Microbiome

Authors identify dietary patterns that consistently correlate with groups of bacteria with shared functional roles in health and disease. Specific foods and nutrients were associated with species known to infer mucosal protection and anti-inflammatory effects, proposing a microbial mechanism for anti-inflammatory dietary effects

Gut. 2021;70(7):1287-1298. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322670

Authors: Bolte L et al

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Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease and its Relationship with the Microbiome

In this review, the authors look at the increasing number of studies investigating the role the microbiome and other biomes play in pediatric patients with IBD, particularly changes associated with IBD, varying disease states, and therapeutics.

Fitzgerald, R.S., Sanderson, I.R. & Claesson, M.J. Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease and its Relationship with the Microbiome. Microb Ecol (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-021-01697-9

Authors: Fitzgerald RS et al

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Gut Microbiome Structure and Metabolic Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Our findings thus provide an improved understanding of perturbations of the microbiome-metabolome interface in IBD, including identification of many potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Nat Microbiol . 2019 Feb;4(2):293-305. doi: 10.1038/s41564-018-0306-4. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Authors: Franzosa EA et al

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Low-Fat, High-Fiber Diet Reduces Markers of Inflammation and Dysbiosis and Improves Quality of Life in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis

In a cross-over study of patients with UC in remission, we found that a catered LFD or iSAD were each well tolerated and increased quality of life. However, the LFD decreased markers of inflammation and reduced intestinal dysbiosis in fecal samples. Dietary interventions therefore might benefit patients with UC in remission.

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol . 2020 May 20;S1542-3565(20)30685-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.05.026

Authors: Fritsch J et al

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Photo Credit: Kolpakova Svetlana/Shutterstock 

The Effects of Commonly Consumed Dietary Fibres on the Gut Microbiome and Its Fibre Fermentative Capacity in Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Remission

Despite extensive microbial dysbiosis, patients with IBD have a similar capacity to ferment fibre and release SCFA as HC. Fibre supplementation alone may be unlikely to restore to a healthy status the compositional shifts characteristic of the IBD microbiome.

Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 1053; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14051053

Authors: Gerasimidis, K

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The microbiome and inflammatory bowel disease

In this review we will discuss the role of the gut microbiome in patients with IBD; our focus will be on human studies.

J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020 Jan;145(1)16-27. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.003

Authors: Glassner KL et al

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To Fiber or Not to Fiber: The Swinging Pendulum of Fiber Supplementation in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

This review describes dietary fibers and their mechanism of action within the microbiome, details novel fiber sources, including resistant starches and polyphenols, and concludes with potential future directions in fiber research, including the move toward precision nutrition.

Nutrients 2023, 15(5), 1080; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051080

Authors: Haskey N. et al.

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